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AM Best affirms ratings of Pfizer captive

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AM Best has affirmed the financial strength rating of A (Excellent) and the long-term issuer credit rating of “a+” (Excellent) of Pfizer’s Vermont-domiciled captive, Blue Whale Re.

The ratings agency said the outlook for these Credit Ratings are stable.

Blue Whale provides coverages with significant limits and elevated potential gross exposures per loss occurrence.

During the hard market, Blue Whale has opted to participate in small slices of its CAT tower as an economic efficiency for the group. It also offers capacity for cyber liability coverage when required.

Its net property retentions remain quite substantial. Nonetheless, AM Best said the reinsurance programme is appropriate and diverse, providing ample coverage for all of its lines of business.

AM Best said it recognises the quality of the reinsurers and the substantial financial resources and support available to the captive as part of Pfizer.

Blue Whale’s historical and prospective operating performance are strong with low average loss and minimal expense ratios. However, volatility of key metrics can be low to moderate with its high retentions for low frequency, high severity coverage.

The ratings also reflect Blue Whale’s balance sheet strength, which AM Best assesses as very strong, as well as its strong operating performance, neutral business profile and appropriate enterprise risk management (ERM).

AM Best said: “As Blue Whale insures or reinsures Pfizer’s global property exposures, it plays an important role in Pfizer’s overall ERM and assumes a critical role in protecting the Pfizer enterprise’s assets”

In addition, a negative rating action could occur if AM Best’s perception wanes of Pfizer’s ability and willingness to support the captive.

Hawaii’s captive industry has never been stronger – Matt Takamine

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Hawaii’s captive profile has “never been stronger”, according to Matt Takamine, captive practice leader at Brown & Brown, citing continued growth in captive premium volume across the domicile and longevity of the captives in the jurisdiction.

Speaking in a GCP Short released on 23 April and recorded at the CICA International Conference in March, Takamine was joined by David Beyer, director of risk management at Alaska Airlines, and Paul Shimomoto, partner at Hawaii law firm Goodsill.



“Hawaii’s captive industry has never been stronger, 255 captives as of the end of last year,” he said.

“I think we’re the largest jurisdiction for Japanese captives worldwide. We have about 40 of them now.”

Takamine said that while Hawaii’s new captive formation number in 2022 was “not stellar” – 13 new captives were licensed last year – the jurisdiction is predicted to have reached $15bn in total captive premium.

“Pretty stunning,” he added. “That’s an average of about $60m a pop for each one of those 255 captives. So, the industry’s doing well.”

The latest assets under management (AuM) figures provided to Captive Intelligence from Hawaii’s Insurance Division showed captives in the domicile now hold assets of more than $30bn.

In the United States, only Vermont has higher annual premium and AuM volume from its captive portfolio.

Alaska Airlines established ASA Assurance in Hawaii in 2016 and Beyer explained that the captive was established to “create some flexibility in our risk management practice”.

“We canvassed the globe in looking for the right domicile and really Hawaii fit top bill for us in every category that we looked at,” Beyer said.

“It’s got a good regulatory structure, good regulatory reputation as well. And then it’s got a solid slate of top-notch vendors that are on island and able to help us do what we need to do. So we’re very happy with what we have with Hawaii.”

Shimomoto said that while every domicile likes to see large numbers of new formations, such statistics “only tell part of the story of a jurisdiction”.

“Premium dollars and activity like that is important, but I think also longevity is a good indication of how long have these captives been around,” he added.

“In Hawaii we have many captives who were formed back in the 1980s that are still here. Thirty-plus years later, still active and growing and doing great new and innovative things.”

Listen to the full GCP Short episode on the Captive Intelligence website here, or on any podcast app. Just search for ‘Global Captive Podcast’.

GCP Short: Hawaii’s captive development, Alaska Airlines and innovation

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Matt Takamine, Brown & Brown
Paul Shimomoto, Goodsill
David Beyer, Alaska Airlines

In this GCP Short, produced in partnership with Brown & Brown, Richard is joined by Matthew Takamine, Captive Practice Leader at Brown & Brown, David Beyer, Director of Risk Management at Alaska Airlines, and Paul Shimomoto, Partner at Hawaii law firm Goodsill.

The trio discuss the profile and recent development of Hawaii as a captive domicile, new trends such as Side A D&O going into Hawaii captives and Alaska Airlines’ own risk financing and captive strategy.

For more information on Brown & Brown’s captive practice, visit their Friend of the Podcast page here.

Appeals court affirms IRS summons for Delaware micro-captive info

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The Delaware Department of Insurance (DDOI) has lost its latest attempt to block an Internal Revenue Service summons concerning 831(b) captives managed by Artex Risk Solutions and Tribeca Strategic Advisors, wholly owned by Artex, in the State.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit on 21 April affirmed the District Court’s decision that the McCarran-Ferguson Act does not protect the documents requested and the threshold for constituting the ‘business of insurance’ was not met.

The IRS originally issued its summons to the DDOI on 30 October, 2017 during its investigation into Artex and Tribeca, seeking filings and communications between the Department and the captive managers.



The Department declined to cooperate with ‘Request 1’ of the summons, citing Section 6920 of the Delaware Code “which generally prohibits the Department from disclosing certain information about captive insurance companies to anyone, including the federal government, absent the companies’ consent”.

‘Request 1’ was seeking “all electronic mail between [the Department] and Artex and/or Tribeca related to the Captive Insurance Program”.

The request concerned around 200 certificates of authority granted by the DDOI to micro-captives managed by Artex and Tribeca. The IRS initially believe there to be 191 certificates, but the DDOI has represented that it had actually issued 225 certificates.

In its 21 April ruling, the Court disagreed with the Department’s argument that requested information would impact its “business of insurance”.

“For that argument to hold water, however, we must accept that affirming the District Court would lead to a change in behavior by captive insurers (or their managers) that would reduce the reliability of captive insurers,” the Court stated.

“That is a contention that cannot survive scrutiny. As an initial matter, the substantive requirements for licensure and continued permission to operate under certificates of authority issued by the Department is not altered by our affirmance of the District Court’s ruling.

“The Department has the authority to obtain documents it requires for licensure and subsequent examinations and can impose consequences on companies that 38 will not provide them.

“Simply put, the Department will be no less entitled to the information it currently receives to license captive insurance companies than it has previously been. The same is true of the Department’s entitlement to information to determine whether already-licensed captive insurance companies should be allowed to continue to operate.”

Captive Intelligence published on 21 April a Long Read with extensive reaction and analysis of the IRS’ new proposed regulations for captives making the 831(b) tax election.

Will 831(b) proposals destroy the industry or be a refreshing change?


  • Opinion split on whether latest IRS intervention is a positive development, or “out to destroy the industry”
  • Service buoyed by four for four Tax Court victories over micro-captives
  • Up to 90% of captives taking 831(b) tax election could fall into new IRS definitions
  • Managers and services providers expected to review risk appetite of continuing 831(b) work

The Internal Revenue Service’s proposed regulations for 831(b) have divided opinion across America’s captive landscape, with some saying they could destroy the industry, while others have branded it a refreshing change.

Captive Intelligence reported last week the IRS had published proposals which, if implemented, would identify certain micro-captives as “listed transactions” and others “transactions of interest”.

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Captive Intelligence provides high-value information, industry analysis, exclusive interviews and business intelligence tools to professionals in the captive insurance market.

Guardrisk Life cell underwrites YuLife’s South African expansion

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YuLife, an employee benefits and life insurance provider, will utilise Guardrisk’s cell captive to roll out its products in South Africa.

Guardrisk is the leading cell company specialists in South Africa with vehicles in Mauritius, Gibraltar and South Africa itself, writing corporate P&C risk, life, affinity and tailored risk solutions.

YuLife, which was founded in London in 2016, is now expanding to South Africa with its group risk protection (life, income protection, lump sum disability and funeral cover).

“We are excited to be working together with YuLife to bring cost-effective insurance solutions to customers in South Africa,” said Herman Schoeman, CEO of Guardrisk Life.

“As a company rooted in innovation, partnering with such a forward-thinking company like YuLife that shares our commitment to meeting customers’ needs makes good business sense.

“We look forward to developing our relationship with YuLife and providing our solutions to its customers while also empowering them to have a more thorough and holistic relationship with their life insurance and protection provider.”

YuLife has also recently expanded into the United States, and now covers more than 600k group policyholders across small to large businesses, with over $50bn of coverage in place.

YuLife says it has seen more than five times growth in premiums year-on-year, and in July 2022 raised a $120M Series C led by Dai-ichi Life with participation from T. Rowe Price, bringing the company’s total funding to $206M.

NRRA announces fundraising plans to combat Florida bill

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The National Risk Retention Association (NRRA) has announced three stages of fundraising to combat Florida Senate Bill 516, which if passed into law, would require an AM Best “A” rating and a minimum financial size of $100mn in capital surplus in order for an RRG to write commercial auto liability in the state.

Phase one of funding plans include the current campaign to communicate with and educate legislators as to the “inherent flaws in the bill”.

NRRA said it had already written four letters in opposition to the Bill to the involved committees, the Senate President and House Speaker.

The Association has also partnered with Paul Handerhan, president of the Federal Association for Insurance Reform (FAIR), who has joined forces with Lewie Pugh, executive vice president and legislative spokesman for the Owner-Operator Independent Drivers Association (OOIDA), and Linda Allen, a small independent Florida trucker.

“While our interest and those of the proponents are actually not inconsistent, their language will be self-defeating, while ours will not be,” Joe Deems, NRRA executive director said.

“The purpose will be to persuade an amendment to the Bill that will work.”

Deems has previously said that the Bill unlawfully seeks to regulate RRGs, and unlawfully discriminates against those that do not obtain such ratings.

He believes the Bill could impact 96% of the RRGs registered in Florida.

“If Florida can get away with violating the federal law by making any financial rating a requirement to do business in their state, it may set a precedent to make other states bolder to do the same thing,” Deems added.

“We need to stop this bill before it passes because, if it passes, suing the state will take years and will be too late to help these impacted RRGs.”

Phase two will be dependent on the amendments actually adopted and includes an ongoing campaign to develop favourable agreements with multiple state agencies who require liability insurance from RRGs, such as the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.

Deems said the estimated cost of this will be in the range of $75,000 to $90,000.

On 10 April, the House Commerce and Senate Appropriations Committee voted unanimously to approve the Bill.

While the Bill did pass the Senate Appropriations Committee hearing on 12April, the vote was not unanimous, and it prompted greater discussion and a desire to know more about its potential wider impact.

If the Bill passes with the current language, NRRA said its third phase of the campaign would be to commence litigation to and challenge it at the federal level, with an estimated cost of $150,000.

Captive knowledge gives brokers “competitive edge”

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Educating brokers about the role and value of captives will provide more opportunities for business, according to Olga Collins, CEO of the Worldwide Broker Network (WBN), and John Harris, group business development director at Robus Group.

Collins and Harris featured on GCP #83, discussing the profile of WBN and its members and the increasing interaction they are having with captives in recent years.



With much of the captive management and consulting space dominated by the large, multinational brokers such as Aon, Marsh and WTW, there has long been a perception challenge among some smaller, independent brokers that promoting or proposing captives can lead them to ultimately lose out on the business.

WBN is the largest independent broker network in the world with more than 150 broker members in over 100 countries.

“[Our members] work with clients spanning from very large brands all the way to high-net-worth private individuals, and I agree that it’s a matter of education,” Collins said.

Collins added that a wider profile of client is becoming interested in the consulting services provided by brokers, in addition to transactional risk management.

Harris, group business development director at Robus Group which is a partner of WBN, said that generally some of the more traditional brokers can initially feel threatened by captives from an income perspective, as they feel they could lose out when a client enters a captive structure.

“But that typically is because they’re not necessarily as educated or have a full understanding of how a captive can play a part in a programme,” he said.

“When you start to help them realise that this is actually something that gives them a competitive edge, they start to look at things slightly differently.”

Harris noted that Robus spends time informing brokers on how a captive strategy can be used as a competitive advantage.

“One, to help them protect themselves against attacks on their existing book,” he added.

“Where they’ve got some significant clients and they’re not deploying captive strategies or even thinking or talking about it with their clients to enable them to stop the competition, the Marsh’s and the Aon and the big guys from attacking their business.

“But also to enable them to use captive strategies as a leverage when they’re attacking new prospective business as well.”

He noted that when brokers realise that this is actually something that gives them a competitive edge, “they start to look at things slightly differently”.

International programme pain points still top of the agenda – Jayesh Patel

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Ensuring the smooth running of an international programme remains a key priority for captive owners, despite new lines and bespoke policies becoming increasingly important, according to Jayesh Patel, global head of market practice management for multinational at Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS).

Speaking in an extensive interview on GCP #83, Patel discussed the new role he took on last year, AGCS’ renewed focus on and organisation concerning captives and what he is hearing from the market.

While AGCS has been involved in some new, innovative captive structures over the past 18 months, including supporting Meta’s captive being deployed alongside a Side A ‘Laser DIC’ D&O policy, Patel said compliance and operational efficiency remains a big focus.

“What I’ve heard from captive owners with multinational programmes, their big bug bear is just making it run smoothly,” he said.

“And it links to what we said before about bringing local policies together, making sure premium payment is paid on time, ensuring that all of the pieces in the chain work well.

“A lot of people are saying, you know, apart from the cool complex topics, please just make my programme run smoothly.”

As captive owners continue to grapple with the hard market, there has been an increasing demand for 100% fronting programmes and more bespoke wordings in policies written by captives.

While previously some commercial carriers were reluctant to engage in pure fronting, the landscape has changed with customer demand forcing a different approach.

This can lead to the (re)insurer playing multiple roles with the captive.

“It’s important first of all to understand what the needs are of the customer at different elements of that captive chain,” Patel explained.

“We’ve got fronting, which is all about making sure you’ve got the right partner in place locally, your right partner in place centrally to cede premium through as quickly as possible.

“What else can we do for that customer within the tower structure? Is the captive retention set correctly? Can we manage those retentions is a better way?

“And then on the aggregate side and on the layers above, is that structure the most effective way as well when we’re talking about cross cost solutions?”

Listen to the full interview with Jayesh Patel in GCP #83 here, or on any podcast app. Just search for the ‘Global Captive Podcast’.

Over reliance on commercial market prompts GEODIS US captive formation

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An over reliance on the commercial insurance market led to the Americas region of GEODIS to establish its own single parent captive, according to Justin Bahorik, director of insurance & risk management.

GEODIS is a world leader in transport and logistics with expertise in all aspects of the supply chain. Globally, GEODIS is headquartered in Paris, France with the Americas Region based out of Brentwood, Tennessee.

In April 2022, GEODIS launched its first single parent captive domiciled in Tennessee and is being managed by Aon.

Bahorik explained the motivation and plans for the captive in GCP #83.

 “When you’re fully reliant on commercial markets, you have to pay what they tell you you’re going to pay with no other options,” he said.

He gave the example that their workers’ compensation premiums had continued to rise despite always outperforming the industry and losses never breaching the retention.

Bahorik explained: “We weren’t being fully rewarded for our hard work in safety and innovation and with a captive, our rates are determined using our own experience and not the industry as a whole.”

Bahorik said it’s been a very positive first year of operation and the company is looking to expand the captive in the near future.

“We definitely want to expand,” he added. “So far we’ve taken a crawl, walk, run approach to ensure we are building a strong base and all stakeholders are comfortable with the process.”

He highlighted that the captive first began by writing a deductible reimbursement policy for workers’ compensation and auto, but has recently added a truck broker liability policy that is written specifically to address the unique needs that GEODIS has in this area.

“Not only can you reduce dependence on the commercial markets, but you can also write policies that benefit the policyholder which in this case is GEODIS,” Bahorik said.

“We were able to include language that filled a gap that we were not able to find commercially.

“The benefit of a captive is not realized in the short term. This is a long term investment. 

“We want to position our captive for success by carefully adding coverages that provide value to the business while also protecting and building the captive’s balance sheet.

“Our hope is that in 5 or 10 years we will have a sizeable surplus that we can utilize to provide even greater stability to the business.”

Listen to the full interview with Justin Bahorik in GCP #83, which also features interviews with Jayesh Patel, Global Head of Market Practice Management for Multinational at Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty (AGCS), and Olga Collins, CEO of the Worldwide Broker Network, and John Harris, Group Business Development Director at Robus Group.