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GCP #106: Stephen Cross on captive past, present and future

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Stephen Cross, McGill & Partners

In episode 106 of the Global Captive Podcast, supported by the ⁠EY Global Captive Network⁠, Richard sits down with Stephen Cross, Group COO & Head of Innovation & Strategy at broker McGill & Partners.

Stephen has a long background working with the largest complex accounts, particularly those with captives, and worked for International Risk Management Group in the 1990s.

He was then an influential leader within Aon when it bought IRMG at the turn of the century.

Stephen and Richard discuss his career, observations of how the captive market has evolved, the independent versus broker-owned manager debate and what McGill’s role with captives is today and what it could be in the future.

For the latest news, analysis and thought leadership on the global captive market, visit ⁠Captive Intelligence⁠ and sign up to out ⁠twice-weekly newsletter here⁠.

Nick Morgan to join Captive Intelligence

We are delighted to announce Nick Morgan will be joining Captive Intelligence as Commercial Director this summer, to develop our trusted news, analysis and data platform to the next level.

Alongside Senior Reporter Luke Harrison, Nick will be representing Captive Intelligence at the VCIA annual conference in August.

Since launching the Global Captive Podcast in 2019 and Captive Intelligence in 2022, we have quickly positioned ourselves as the trusted source of original insight and sophisticated thought leadership on the booming global captive insurance market.

Founder Richard Cutcher and Nick Morgan worked together at Captive Review from 2014 to 2019, a brand which Nick led for more than 20 years.

“Nick’s vast experience and understanding of the captive insurance market, how it succeeds and what makes it work will be invaluable to Captive Intelligence as we increase the value we provide to the sector,” Richard said.



“Quality content and insight is the bedrock of the Captive Intelligence platform and Nick will only strengthen this proposition.”

Nick joins Richard and Luke at Captive Intelligence with further appointments expected this year.

“As a previous competitor I have admired Richard’s development of first the Global Captive Podcast and latterly Captive Intelligence as quality content products that provide fresh insight to our vibrant sector,” Nick said.

“After a short break hiking the Cornish coast, I look forward to re-connecting with my captive contacts and discussing how we can support you as you grow your captives and captive business.”

Paul Marquand to lead Marsh Guernsey office

Paul Marquand is set to succeed Ian Drillot as head of the Guernsey office for Marsh Management Services, effective 1 July.

Marquand has worked for Marsh in Guernsey since 2002 and has previously been a director and senior vice president of the office.



Drillot is stepping down from the head of office role, but will remain with Marsh in Guernsey.

In his new role Marquand will report to William Thomas-Ferrand, international captive practice leader at Marsh Captive Solutions.

“Paul has been with the Guernsey office for 22 years and I am delighted he has taken on this leadership role,” Thomas-Ferrand told Captive Intelligence.

“Guernsey is one of the most established captive domiciles with a sophisticated market and we have such a strong team here with leadership that has created a great environment.”

Thomas-Ferrand was speaking to Captive Intelligence at the Airmic and GIIA Guernsey Conference 2024.

“Guernsey has got a vast amount of experience and knowledge and it is such an establishment at the heart of our global captive industry,” he added.

WBN educating brokers on captives to bridge gap with larger players

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The Worldwide Broker Network (WBN) is providing captive education to smaller brokers to help them compete with larger brokers with more resources.

The WBN is one of the largest independent broker networks in the world, with more than 150 broker members in over 100 countries.

“They don’t have the depth of the resources that some of the large global brokers do,” said Anne Marie Towle, CEO of Hylant Global Risk and Captive Solutions, speaking on episode 105 of the Global Captive Podcast.

“Being a founding member and very proud member of WBN, Hylant has these types of resources to spend time with them on education and provide them the resources they need.

“It helps them be more valuable to their clients and provide the depth and breadth that they can compete against a lot of the competition that does have the resources.”

Towle said she recently had a meeting with a broker who works in Brazil and Argentina and wants to be able to provide captive services and resources to his clients.

“They don’t have it in house so it’s about how we can partner,” she said. “It’s about walking them through and getting them comfortable from an education perspective.”

Olga Collins, CEO of the WBN, said that most brokers understand the value of captives but “the experience is still needed to have more comfort around the topic”.

Collins said that market conditions have been expanding the interest in captives to smaller clientele.

“It’s not just the Fortune 500 anymore,” she said. “It’s the mid-market sized companies that are also trying to find solutions and offset the costs and be smarter about their financial decisions.

“That piece has been ongoing, but at the same time we have geographies that still are very new around the table, and some are still considering captives a non-starter, so we’re waiting for some of those developments to come our way.”

Advantage eyeing US expansion into Tennessee, North Carolina

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Captive manager and consultants Advantage Insurance is considering further expansion by establishing offices in Tennessee and North Carolina having recently set up shop in Bermuda.

Advantage is an independent provider of turn-key captive management solutions to clients in the US and offshore and already has offices in Florida, South Carolina, Cayman Islands, Puerto Rico and Texas.

The firm now manages more than 100 captives and, speaking to Captive Intelligence, managing director, Christina Kindstedt, said she believes one of the reasons behind the growth is its policy to not outsource work and instead keep its functions in-house.

“The captive industry started outsourcing to India and other countries over 15 years ago,” Kindstedt said.

“We take the firm position to do all work locally instead of chasing lower labour costs.”

She believes captive owners can see the difference between in-house and outsourced work products. 

“That’s part of the reason for our dramatic growth,” she said. “Our team on the business insurance side do consultation and captive management.”

Kindstedt noted that another key reason for the company’s growth is because “savvy” captive owners are intentionally avoiding having their broker’s firm also manage their captive.

“They want to avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest and absolutely do not want a one-stop shop.”

She said Advantage is set up in a way that is very similar to the biggest brokers in the world in terms of having both captive consultants and managers.

“Except that our consultants all came with years of actual captive management experiences, instead of rising through the purely consultancy side,” she said.

“That hands-on experience becomes evident when our consultants strategize with current and prospective captive owners.”

She said Advantage typically wins clients when they have run into difficulties with other firms, while also primarily growing through referrals.

“There’s a popular misconception that accounting for a captive is of the utmost importance, but it’s much more than that,” Kindstedt said.

Kindstedt said captive management requires a detailed understanding of insurance policies, fronting agreements, reinsurance treaties, trusts and more.

“Larger accounts have approached us saying, ‘Hey, we’ve noticed our account has been poorly serviced in recent years,’” she said. “We’ve warned the managers, but it hasn’t improved.”

Kindstedt believes current competition amongst domiciles is good, but she would suggest captive owners consider well-established jurisdictions.

“Captives react to evolving market conditions faster than traditional insurers but at the same time need to stay within regulatory compliance at all times,” she said.

“Established captive domiciles have a deep bench of regulators willing and able to work with innovative ideas.”

AM Best revises outlook for Waste Management captive

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AM Best has revised the outlook to positive from stable and affirmed the financial strength rating of A- (excellent) and the long-term issuer credit rating of “a-” (excellent) of Vermont-domiciled National Guaranty Insurance Company of Vermont (NGIC).

NGIC is owned by US waste management environmental services company, Waste Management, Inc. (WM).

As a strategic and integral part of WM’s enterprise risk management program (ERM), the parent wholly funded the captive’s capitalisation in the form of a demand note that generates net investment income to augment surplus annually.

NGIC has a limited business profile and is licensed in two states and operates in 27 states as a non-admitted insurer to meet financial assurance obligations of its parent.

Further supplements have been provided in the form of letters of credit as changes in exposures warrant.

NGIC benefits from WM’s robust risk management strategies, which enable it to support a portion of WM’s financial assurance programme efficiently and appropriately.

The ratings reflect NGIC’s balance sheet strength, which AM Best assesses as very strong, as well as its strong operating performance, limited business profile and appropriate enterprise risk management (ERM).

The revision of the outlooks to positive recognises NGIC’s favourable operating results over the past decade demonstrated by consistently strong underwriting and return on revenue metrics.

AM Best said the company has produced exceptional annual, five- and 10-year average combined ratios that outperformed the industry and its peers by wide margins.

The ratings agency’s expectation is that NGIC will continue to produce favourable operating results prospectively, driven by the organisation’s extensive loss controls, which have resulted in a loss-free history for the captive.

The positive outlook also considers the continuation of NGIC’s very strong balance sheet, with organic surplus growth, and the company maintaining its strongest level of risk-adjusted capitalisation, as measured by Best’s capital adequacy ratio (BCAR).

AM Best affirms ratings of NextEra Energy captives

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AM Best has affirmed the financial strength rating of A (excellent) and the long-term issuer credit rating of “a” (excellent) of Cayman Islands-domiciled Palms Insurance Company limited (Palms).

The agency has also affirmed the FSR of A- (excellent) and the long-term ICR of “a-” (excellent) of Delaware-domiciled Palms Specialty Insurance Company, Inc. The outlook for the ratings is stable.

Both companies are owned by NextEra Energy Capital Holdings (NEECH), which, in turn, is owned by NextEra Energy.

Palms is a single parent captive, which underwrites insurance risks of NextEra and its affiliates, providing specialised direct and assumed property, casualty, workers’ compensation, automobile liability and employers’ liability coverages.

Palms Specialty, formed in 2022, is a specialty insurer focusing on US excess and surplus lines accounts, providing coverage for specialty property, professional lines and other specialty lines.

The ratings of Palms reflect its balance sheet strength, which AM Best assesses as strongest, as well as its adequate operating performance, neutral business profile and appropriate enterprise risk management (ERM).

The ratings of Palms Specialty reflect its balance sheet strength, which AM Best assesses as very strong, as well as its adequate operating performance, limited business profile and appropriate ERM.

The balance sheet assessment of “strongest” for Palms is supported through its strongest level of risk-adjusted capitalisation, as measured by Best’s capital adequacy ratio (BCAR).

Palms has grown its surplus each year during the past five years through organic growth, allowing the captive to maintain sufficient capital in supporting its ongoing obligations.

The adequate operating performance assessment reflects a five-year average for both combined and operating ratios that outperform the captive composite.

Palms continues to generate favourable underwriting results and benefits from its low underwriting expense structure as a single parent captive.

AM Best expects that Palms Specialty will continue to maintain supportive risk-adjusted capital levels throughout its start-up phase.

The adequate operating performance assessment is based on the company’s favourable operating ratio since inception, in addition to its clearly defined business plan and income statement projections that contemplate a level of implementation and execution risk for a newly formed entity.

AM Best views Palms Specialty’s business profile as limited, given the execution risk associated with a start-up entity and the degree of competition in its selected market.

“Negative rating action could occur if Palms Specialty’s actual balance sheet strength or operating performance materially differ to the downside from its initial business plan,” AM Best said.

GCP Short: Improving risk mitigation for captive programmes

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Rose Hall, AXA XL
Steve Bauman, AXA XL

In this GCP Short, produced in partnership with⁠ AXA XL⁠, we discuss bringing innovation in risk mitigation to captive programmes.

While at RISKWORLD in San Diego in May, Richard sat down with friend of pod Steve Bauman, Global Programs & Captives Director for the Americas at AXA XL, and his colleague Rose Hall, senior vice president and head of innovation for the Americas.

Steve and Rose discussed some of the new technologies AXA XL is working with and providing to clients to help mitigate risk across various insurance lines and how these can be particularly complementary on captive programmes.

For more information on AXA XL and its captive services, visit its ⁠Friend of the Podcast page⁠.

For the latest news, analysis and thought leadership from the global captive market, visit ⁠Captive Intelligence⁠ and sign up to our ⁠twice-weekly newsletter⁠.

Lloyd’s provides curious alternative for multinationals, but rush of applications not expected


  • Rising fronting fees and collateral costs one driver of Lloyd’s interest
  • Extensive cost analysis required as Lloyd’s brings other associated costs
  • A Captive Syndicate could form part of an effective multi-captive strategy
  • Formation could take as little as eight weeks, but process largely untested

Despite the first Lloyd’s Captive Syndicate being formed this year, there is unlikely to be a sudden surge of new captive syndicates as the proposition is expected to appeal to only the largest multinational organisations in the short term.

Companies with global operations would benefit most from leveraging the associated costs of a Lloyd’s captive against the Corporation’s extensive fronting network and AA- rated paper.

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Conservative approached needed when designing captive utilisation

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A conservative approach to captive utilisation should be taken and increasing rates should not automatically lead to self-insuring a risk, according to Alex Littlejohn, EVP and managing director at Alliant Insurance Services.

Captives have surged in popularity, particularly in the United States, since an extended hard market bit in 2019, particularly for distressed lines of business such as D&O and professional indemnity followed by cyber and property, but not every line of business or exposure will be suitable for a captive.

“I think it’s actually a little bit scary in regard to what people will consider putting in their captive today,” said Littlejohn, speaking on episode 104 of the Global Captive Podcast, at RISKWORLD in San Diego.



“Maybe we should be thinking a little bit about it, because anywhere there is a crisis does not mean throw it in your captive.”

Littlejohn said can be a bit concerned when witnessing the current auto trend, for example.

“I talked at the start of the year about how I thought auto would be where the next disaster is and clients are going to have to start taking major decisions on how auto is going to go,” she said.

Littlejohn noted that auto has seen up to 160% rates increases, which has still not been enough for the commercial market.

“What’s scary is that people are throwing exposure into their captive like auto, and that to me is probably not a sustainable model for the captive,” she said.

“Conservatively, we should be considering lines that make sense, such as excess layers, property, not necessarily all your catastrophe.”

Littlejohn said insureds and consultants should be considering a more conservative approach when it comes to captive utilisation.

“I think it’s a great vehicle for the long-term, but you just must be responsible about what you’re putting into that captive so it’s sustainable for the long term,” she said.

Pete Kranz, senior vice president for risk finance and strategic solutions at Alliant, said risk finance should be looked at in a broader way when deciding what risk to write in a captive.


“We need to determine how much risk we should take,” he said.

“What does the analysis tell us strategically about the optimal level of risk to retain? How much are we saving by retaining this risk, and does that equation work in our favour? Then, where should we transfer the remaining risk?”

Listen to the full interview with Alex Littlejohn and Pete Kranz, of Alliant, in GCP #104. You can find the episode on Captive Intelligence, or on any podcast app by searching for ‘Global Captive Podcast’.