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Answering the Saturday Morning Question

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Ryan Dod is founder and CEO of Intangic.

I recently had a conversation with a person who spent decades in the C-suite of some of the world’s largest organisations. He said to me, “the thing I used to fear most was the Saturday morning question.” “What do you mean?”, I said. “Well, often on Saturday mornings I would get a phone call from our CEO who often just read something in the press about a new emerging technology risk and he would ask me what we were doing about it.

My Saturday was over then and there. I spent the rest of the day on the phone with my team getting an answer.”

He then asked me, “what is the Saturday morning question for your customers?” I found this to be an apt way to define Intangic’s mission.

The questions we hear from risk managers at large companies with captives are: “Do we have enough of the right cover? Are the captive premiums too high? How can we consistently validate our risk posture? What are the best metrics to report to CEO and Board?”

For large organisations, managing cyber risk in captives continues to make sense after  years of ransomware increases, rising costs, reductions in cover and the market requiring more self-insurance.



How do we answer this questions?

Getting better answers starts with first asking different cyber risk questions and then ensuring you have the correct data to answer those questions.

For example, I was managing hedge funds prior to founding Intangic. While investments benefited from profitability of companies investing in digital transformation, I had an uneasy feeling that we – “the market” – didn’t understand the operational risks that came along with cloud migrations, outsourcing technology and digital supply chains.

As a result, I developed my own Saturday morning question for executive teams where we were shareholders: “With one phone call, I get a validated answer on your credit risk (the credit ratings agencies), your governance and financial risks (Wall St. analysts), so can you validate how you are managing your technology risks (i.e. your cyber)?”

Ten years ago, I couldn’t get a good answer to my question. With technology driving the value of most corporations, I was sure other risk stakeholders wanted similar answers.

As a result, I ended up seeking answers with alternative datasets that could give me solutions. That process led to what became the data-science foundation for creating Intangic.

Ultimately, that solution is what we provide to large companies: “How do we validate the performance of our cyber risk posture?” “How much should I spend to improve it? “What resources are needed?” etc. Our answers are especially relevant for captive programmes’ need for an independent lens.

What about captives?

Unfortunately, my unease about operational risks due to rapid digital transformation proved right with the rise of ransomware over the last five years. Risk managers’ motives for turning to a captive structure is a smart reaction to the insurance market’s response to ransomware.

To quote one FTSE 100 risk manager: “We lost confidence in the value of the product the market was offering. We were being put in the wrong risk bucket by the market. Our best solution was running cyber through the captive.” I’d be looking in the same direction.

For risk managers looking for more control, the captive structure is well suited to generate value by achieving greater relevance of cover at a lower price. But again, how do you know—with predictive market data, not opinions—that you are getting the right value to price ratio?

We assess the risk for companies by looking on a continuous basis at real-time threat activity with unmatched scale and accuracy. No checklists or self-assessments of security controls. By looking across 10,000 networks every day over several years from an attacker’s (not defender’s) perspective, we’ve correctly predicted 82% of large publicly announced breaches over the past 5 years.

With this kind of predictive accuracy (i.e. frequency factor), we then help customers reprice the risk for the captive and save cost on the cover in the process. And with a risk as dynamic as cyber, this is not an annual process. The assessment of breach likelihood is updated monthly.

A vehicle for loss prevention

We can then help companies turn the captive into a ‘first line of defence’. With our early warning system for cyber, we give risk and security teams the ability to spot small problems before they become big ones.

With the cost savings generated, risk and information security teams can use things like risk bursaries as a vehicle for smartly investing in risk prevention efforts if and when the risk posture justifies it. Because we don’t just want to answer the Saturday morning question, we also want to help the CISO from ever having to answer the ‘3am phone call’.

More to come at the Airmic Captives Forum 

I’m looking forward to speaking with many captive owners and managers at the upcoming Airmic Captives Forum on 6 March at Lloyd’s. I’ll be talking more about the opportunities AI-powered data science can unlock and why well-managed security controls are important, but unfortunately no longer sufficient to lower the risk of a big breach.

Kentucky captive premium jumps as numbers remain flat

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The number of captives domiciled in Kentucky in 2023 has remained the same as 2022, with 32 captives domiciled in the State.

Despite captive numbers staying stable, premium increased from $78m in 2022 to $129m in 2023.

Assets under management (AuM) increased slightly year-on-year from $77m to $77.3m.

Captive Intelligence understands the jump in premium is the result of some captives curtailing the amount of risk they were writing during the Covid pandemic, with premium now returning to previous levels.

There were zero captive dissolutions in 2023, compared to two dissolutions in 2022.

Of the 32 captives licenced in Kentucky, 23 are single parent captives, three are Risk Retention Groups (RRGs), and six are group or association captives.

AM Best affirms Petronas captive rating

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AM Best has affirmed the financial strength rating of ‘A’ (excellent) and the long-term issuer credit rating of ‘a’ (excellent) of Malaysia-domiciled Energas Insurance. The outlook for the ratings is negative.

Energas is a single parent captive owned by the national oil and gas company of Malaysia, Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas).

The captive’s underwriting portfolio shows concentration by line of business and geography, with a significant focus on upstream and downstream energy risks located in Malaysia.

AM Best views Energas’ operating performance as strong, supported by its five-year average combined ratio of 68.4% (2018-2022).

The company’s net underwriting margins have benefitted from favourable reinsurance commission income and low management expenses relative to net earned premium.

Higher than expected frequency of large losses, accompanied by recent increases in its stop loss reinsurance programme’s aggregate retention level has led to increased volatility in its underwriting performance in recent years. 

The AM Best ratings reflect Energas’ balance sheet strength, which are assessed as very strong, as well as its strong operating performance, neutral business profile and appropriate enterprise risk management.

Energas’ balance sheet strength assessment is underpinned by its risk-adjusted capitalisation, as measured by Best’s Capital Adequacy Ratio (BCAR), which is expected to remain at the strongest level over the medium term.

Capital requirements arising from underwriting risks are viewed to be low given the company’s low net underwriting leverage, though the accumulation of high severity losses from multiple policies may lead to moderate balance sheet volatility.

An offsetting balance sheet strength factor is the company’s reliance on reinsurance to manage its exposure to accumulation and large single risks, but credit risk is partially mitigated using a good credit quality reinsurance panel.

AM Best assigns ‘excellent’ rating to Related Companies captive

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AM Best has assigned a financial strength rating of A- (excellent) and a long-term issuer credit rating of “a-” (excellent) to Vermont-domiciled Relsure Vermont. The outlook for the ratings is stable.

Relsure was formed in 2014 and is wholly owned by New York-based limited partnership The Related Companies, which is engaged in real estate activity largely throughout the United States.

The captive provides general liability and workers’ compensation coverage through Related’s owner-controlled insurance programmes and property coverage.

Relsure also provides terrorism coverage for Related, but this is 100% reinsured with the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (TRIPRA), and a panel of reinsurance partners.

The captive is considered a core element of Related’s risk management programme and plays a strategic role in delivering coverage and access to reinsurance for risks of its parent and affiliates.

The ratings reflect Relsure’s balance sheet strength, which AM Best assesses as very strong, as well as its adequate operating performance, limited business profile and appropriate enterprise risk management.

Relsure’s level of risk-adjusted capitalisation, as measured by Best’s capital adequacy ratio (BCAR), is assessed at the strongest level, where AM Best expects it to remain in future years.

The balance sheet strength assessment considers the company’s conservative investment strategy, solid liquidity measures and favourable loss reserve development over the last five years. 

The stable outlook reflects AM Best’s expectation that Relsure’s balance sheet strength will remain at a very strong level, underpinned by its strongest level of risk-adjusted capitalisation, while operating performance continues to stabilise.

“Negative rating action could occur if risk-adjusted capitalization materially weakens or there is a significant shift in its reinsurance structure that no longer supports the current balance sheet strength assessment,” AM Best said.

“Negative rating action could also occur if underwriting performance weakens, which would reflect volatility in operating performance. Positive rating action could occur from sustainable improvement in underwriting performance, while organically growing surplus.”

GCP Short: Implementing a new captive investment strategy

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Shadrack Kwasa, London & Capital
Adele Gale, Robus Group

In this GCP Short, produced in partnership with ⁠London & Capital⁠, Richard is joined by Shadrack Kwasa, executive director at London & Capital, and Adele Gale, Deputy Managing Director of Robus Group in Guernsey, to discuss onboarding and implementing a new investment strategy for your captive.

Shadrack and Adele debate the typical and variety of investment appetites amongst captive owners, why fixed income products are popular and the potential drawbacks of this approach and how to go about switching or onboarding a new strategy.

For more information London & Capital, you can visit their ⁠Friend of the Podcast page⁠.

Symphony Grow launches cannabis captive product

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Symphony Grow has launched a captive product for the cannabis industry.

Symphony Grow is part of Texas-based insurance services company, Symphony Risk Solutions, and said business owners in the cannabis industry can now establish their own captive.

It is not clear how the captive has been structured or where it is domiciled and whether it is providing a cell facility.

Captive Intelligence published a long-read last March, highlighting that cannabis captives were likely to be an expanding opportunity in the US.

“After ten years of insuring cannabis companies and facing challenges in obtaining adequate and affordable coverage, we have successfully addressed a longstanding issue in the industry,” said TJ Frost, president of Symphony Grow.

“In addition to offering more comprehensive coverages, the creation of an entity’s own insurance company can yield a return on investment, in contrast to the traditional insurer / insured relationship where the premium is considered a sunk cost.”

Symphony Grow said by utilising its captive solution, cannabis companies can insure themselves by utilising customised coverages that are often unavailable or expensive in the commercial market.

Howden enters captives with Guernsey-based ARM purchase

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Howden has ventured into the captive market with the acquisition of Guernsey-based ARM Group Holdings (ARM), the parent of Alternative Risk Management, an independent European insurance manager and a specialist in the formation and management of captives.

ARM is a group of companies that provide insurance management services to clients worldwide. 

The firm also has a management licence in Bermuda, and currently manages around 80 captives.

“In-house captive capabilities are an essential piece of the puzzle in order for us to provide unparalleled solutions for our large and multinational clients,” said Morwenna Howell, managing director and global practice leader at Howden Multinational Clients Practice.

“This is a growing market with strong demand for new entrants, and by harnessing the power of our global network, our market-leading specialty, reinsurance and analytics capabilities, and now, our enhanced captive capabilities, we look forward to continuing our growth.”

Howden’s acquisition of ARM comes amid a flurry of activity within the Guernsey captive market.

Earlier this week, Insurance services provider PoloWorks announced the launch of Polo Insurance Managers (PIM) in Guernsey in a bid to fill the gap left by recent consolidation in the captive management market.

PIM has received ‘approval in principle’ from the Guernsey Financial Services Commission (GFSC) and will be supported by Polo Commercial Insurance Services which employs 350 UK based insurance specialists.

Captive Intelligence reported in January that Strategic Risk Solutions had agreed to buy Robus from Adonagh Group, and we understand there are other remaining independent insurance managers in Guernsey who are in advanced discussions with proposed acquisition partners.

“We have built a robust, successful business in the last 20 years, and joining with Howden represents the logical next step in our journey,” said Charles Scott, managing director at ARM.

“It has been an easy decision to make as we already manage a number of Howden clients, allowing us to get to know them and vice-versa.

“We share Howden’s entrepreneurial spirit and client-centric approach and look forward to providing worldwide captive solutions to Howden and other clients.”

Legislation could prompt more Italian captive activity


  • Italy’s first two captives licensed with more expected to follow
  • Time required to educate IVASS on captive regulation
  • Solvency II proportionality reform could push captive numbers

A swathe of new captives could form in Italy if the Italian regulator introduces specific legislation.

Under current laws, captives are generally regulated under the same legislation as traditional carriers, which can be onerous for smaller insurance companies such as captives.

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DARAG completes two captive legacy transactions

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Legacy acquirer DARAG Group has completed two undisclosed captive legacy transactions in Bermuda and the Cayman Islands.

Each portfolio insured workers compensation, general liability and auto liability exposure.

The first transaction involved a Bermuda-domiciled captive for insured risks through to 2016 and was completed at the end of 2023.

The second was an undisclosed Cayman-domiciled captive for insured risks through 2015 and was concluded in early 2024.

“Completing these transactions is an excellent way to begin 2024,” said Tom Booth, CEO of DARAG.

“They demonstrate the busy year DARAG North America has had and show that there is increased interest for bespoke legacy solutions that enable insurers to achieve finality for their books of business.”

Both transactions were executed by way of novation with the captives and their respective fronting carrier.

Earlier this month, DARAG acquired a Hawaii-domiciled captive carrying a portfolio of workers’ compensation business.

In October, DARAG concluded a novation agreement between an undisclosed Benelux based captive, the captive’s policyholder and DARAG’s German insurance carrier DARAG Deutschland AG.

In July, it was announced that DARAG had concluded two transactions with undisclosed North American captive insurance companies.

“Agreements like these are vital in supporting our clients, allowing our counterparties to release capital, achieve full legal finality and operate more efficiently,” said Joel Neal, executive vice president, M&A, at DARAG North America.

“The conclusion of these deals also shows the continuation of a successful partnership with Guy Carpenter’s captive segment, who advised both sellers.”

Luxembourg licences five new captives in 2023

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Luxembourg licensed five new reinsurance companies in 2023, of which the majority are considered captives.

There were also five reinsurance company closures in 2023, meaning the total number of reinsurance companies domiciled in Luxembourg in 2023 remained the same as in 2022 at 195.

Luxembourg’s total gross written premium for 2022 was €12bn, and its assets under management (AuM) was €25.6bn. The 2023 figure will be available later this year.

Luxembourg is the largest captive domicile in the European Union, well known for its equalisation provision which makes it a popular destination for reinsurance captives.

The regulator does not publicly distinguish between reinsurance captives and reinsurance companies, but the vast majority of its 195 reinsurance licences are considered captives.

The potential introduction of PCCs in Luxembourg has been debated in recent years, but one barrier to progress is figuring out how it would work in tandem with the equalisation provision.

Valerie Scheepers, head of the non-life and reinsurance department at the Commissariat aux Assurances, previously told Captive Intelligence that PCCs are “clearly on the radar” and the regulator is open to developing new regulation to the extent that there is demand for it.

Captive Intelligence published an article in December, detailing that Luxembourg’s established and attractive equalisation provision, in addition to its long-standing reputation, are expected to maintain the jurisdiction’s popularity as an EU domicile choice for reinsurance captives, despite increasing competition from new European domiciles such as France and Italy.